Brain

Eye

Inner Ear

• Headache (often migraine-like)

• Visual disturbance; visual field deficit

• Hearing loss

• Short term memory difficulty

• The patient notes an area within their field of vision in which they "can't see anything."

• Tinnitus (ringing, or buzzing in ear---often "roaring")

• Slow thought processing

• "Part of my vision is missing."

• Vertigo (whirling dizziness)

• Confusion

• "When I look at your face, I can't see part of it---part of your face is missing."

• Loss of balance

• Impaired decision-making and judgment

• Patients describe these areas as a "dark spot," "black spot," "pink spot," or a "hole" in their visual field.

• Other cognitive dysfunction

• The medical term for this phenomenon is scotoma.

• Loss of peripheral vision